《植物生理学报》 2017, 53(6): 997-1006

芸薹属植物提取液对烤烟黑胫病发生及烟株生理特性的影响

刘领^1,*, 李继伟^1,*, 常茜茜¹, 周俊学², 赵世民², 陈明灿¹, 李友军^1,**

¹河南科技大学农学院, 河南洛阳471023; ²洛阳市烟草公司, 河南洛阳471000

通信作者：刘领；E-mail: lyj@mail.haust.edu.cn

摘　要：

采用平板试验和盆栽试验研究了3种芸薹属植物(芜菁、芥菜和油菜)提取液对烟草黑胫病菌丝生长、烟株黑胫病发生状况、烟株生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明: (1)与对照相比, 3种芸薹属植物提取液均显著地抑制烟草黑胫病菌丝的生长, 在最高浓度10 mg·mL^-1的条件下, 芜菁、芥菜和油菜提取液对烟草黑胫病菌丝的抑制率分别为46.90%、52.41%和61.53%, 以油菜提取液的抑菌效果最好。(2)与对照相比, 不同芸薹属植物提取液均显著地降低烟草黑胫病的发病率和病情指数, 防治效果为32.59%~76.21%。(3)与对照相比, 3种芸薹属植物提取液均显著增加烟株的茎围、最大叶面积和株高, 显著提高烟株叶片的叶绿素含量及净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和气孔导度(G_s), 显著增强烟株叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性, 显著降低丙二醛(MDA)含量, 促进烟株的生长。(4)就3种芸薹属植物提取液对烤烟的抗病效应而言, 以油菜提取液对提高烤烟抗性和抑制烟草黑胫病发生的效果最好。

关键词：芸薹属植物提取液; 烟草黑胫病; 抑制作用; 烤烟生长; 生理特性

收稿：2017-01-20   修定：2017-04-14

资助：国家自然科学基金项目(31200332)、河南省烟草公司项目(HYKJM201307)、洛阳市烟草公司项目(201407)和河南科技大学学科提升振兴A计划项目(13660002)。

Effects of Brassica extracts on occurrence of black shank disease and physiological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco

LIU Ling^1,*, LI Ji-Wei^1,*, CHANG Qian-Qian¹, ZHOU Jun-Xue², ZHAO Shi-Min², CHEN Ming-Can¹, LI You-Jun^1,**

¹College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China; ²Luoyang Tobacco Company, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China

Corresponding author: LIU Ling; E-mail: lyj@mail.haust.edu.cn

Abstract:

The effects of three Brassica [rappini (B. rapa), mustard (B. juncea) and rape (B. campestris)] extracts on the growth of mycelium of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, occurrence of black shank disease, plant growth and physiological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. ‘Yuyan No.6’) were investigated by petri-dish and pot experiments. The results showed that: (1) compared with the control, three Brassica extracts significantly inhibited the growth of mycelium of P. parasitica var. nicotianae, the inhibition rates at 10 mg·mL^-1 with rappini, mustard and rape extracts were 46.90%, 52.41% and 61.53%, respectively. The strongest inhibition effect was found in rape extract treatment. (2) Compared with the control, three Brassica extracts also significantly decreased disease incidence and disease index of tobacco black shank, the control effects were found from 32.59% to 76.21%. (3) Compared with the control, three Brassica extracts significantly increased plant height, stem thick and maximum leaf area, remarkably improved chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance of tobacco leaves, notably enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and significantly reduced malondiadehyde (MDA) content of tobacco leaves. (4) The rape extract played a better efficient role on inducing resistance of tobacco and controlling occurrence of tobacco black shank than rappini and mustard extracts.

Key words: Brassica extracts; tobacco black shank disease; inhibition effect; tobacco growth; physiological characteristics